What Is a Bisphosphonate? Bone Medicine Labels Explained

What it means

Bisphosphonates are a group of medicines that slow down the cells that break down old bone (osteoclasts). This helps keep bone density higher and lowers the chance of some fractures. They are used for osteoporosis, Paget's disease of bone and some cancers that affect the bones. Some are tablets taken weekly or monthly; others are given by drip.

Labels for bisphosphonate tablets have very specific instructions, such as taking them with plain water, on an empty stomach, and staying upright for a while afterwards. These are there because the tablets can irritate the esophagus (food pipe) and are absorbed poorly with food. Labels also mention rare problems such as jaw osteonecrosis and unusual thigh-bone fractures, and the need for adequate calcium and vitamin D.

Bisphosphonates are different from calcium and vitamin D supplements, which provide building materials for bone rather than slowing bone breakdown.

Where you may see it

• The 'Dosage and administration' instructions on osteoporosis tablet labels
• Leaflets under 'Serious side effects' (jaw and thigh bone problems)
• Bone density (DEXA) follow-up letters